Unadjusted Chances Ratios from Homogamy Versus Intermarriage
To possess Japanese–White pairing activities, we next reestimated brand new coefficients and you will chances ratios towards decide to try excluding battle-fiance intermarriages
The term of interest is ? rR , from which the odds ratios were calculated. The constraints used in the two models for this effect are described below as design matrices. In the matrix, intermarriages between non-White groups were constrained to be equal (?ten). Models 1 and 2 differ by the specification of the interaction of husbands’ and wives’ race but include the same dimensions selected on the basis of findings in preliminary analyses. The simplified version of the structure of the models (Equation 1), with NrReEvG as the cell frequency, ?o as the intercept, and abbreviated indices and summation signs for categories in each dimension, is as follows:
Model 1 tests the significance of the influences of composition and educational pairing. A BIC value of less than 0 in Model 1 would indicate that the influences are statistically significant. This is because preliminary analyses showed that a simple model that includes only husbands’ race (? r ) and wives’ race (? R ) and their interaction term (? rR ), which excludes other measures from the model, yielded BIC values much greater than zero, which indicate a fit worse than the saturated model (with all multiway interaction effects). Model 2 tests the presence of gender asymmetry in the racial pairing patterns of the resettlement cohort. Intererican wives and White husbands might have become more common than intererican husbands and White wives after WWII. The War Bride Act could have legitimized the former type of intermarriage, and, in addition, had brought in intermarriages of Japanese war-brides and White veteran husbands from overseas. The ? rR terms of the two models, constrained differently with a design matrix to test for evidence of gender asymmetry, are presented in Appendix A (see Journal of ily online source). Each term in the cell represents a dummy variable. The cells with zeros are the omitted categories in the main effects of husbands’ and wives’ race. The off-diagonal cells of ? rR for non-White and non-White pairings are constrained to be equal to capture the effects of these rare intermarriages that are not the focus here. In the design matrix of Model 1, the dummy variable entries are symmetric around the diagonal cells of the table, which indicates gender symmetry. Model 2 includes two additional terms, namely ?eleven for Japanese American wives and White husbands, and ?a dozen for Japanese wives and White husbands, to account for gender asymmetry in the odds of intermarriage.
In the third and final step, we used the better-fit model to estimate the adjusted odds ratios. If Model 2 had a BIC value lower than that of Model 1 for one of the two cohorts, Model 2 was used to estimate both cohorts’ adjusted odds ratios for comparability across cohorts. From the coefficients, we calculated odds ratios by taking the exponent of the coefficients of interest in the design matrix-in the case of Model 2, those terms are ?1, ?3, ?cuatro, ?seven, ?8, ?11, and ?12 (see Harris & Ono, 2005). For Japanese and Whites, for example, the odds ratios of homogamy versus intermarriage calculated from Model 2 are as follows: [exp(?1)exp(?4)]/(exp(?8+ ?12)exp(?8)].
War-bride-to-be intermarriages are intermarriages by the White seasoned husbands and you can Japanese spouses on resettlement cohort (letter = step one,268, or 84% of Light husband and you can Japanese partner people where cohort). That it difference is always to considerably increase the opportunity proportion for the resettlement cohort of the Japanese’s pairing habits with Whites.
Efficiency
Appendix B (come across Journal away from ily on the internet resource) gets the volume tables, from which i computed the unadjusted chances percentages regarding homogamy as opposed to intermarriage to possess lovers comprising Japanese or Japanese People in the us and you may Whites in the several matrimony cohorts. Data 1A and 1B inform you the fresh new unadjusted odds ratios to have Whites and you will Japanese Americans and you may Whites and Japanese, respectively, toward two cohorts. Whether the pairing try Japanese Americans which have Whites otherwise Japanese having Whites, when unadjusted, new desire into homogamy atically to the resettlement cohort versus compared to the chat hour ProfilovГ© vyhledГЎvГЎnГ fresh prewar cohort. Particularly, to own pairings out-of Japanese Us citizens that have Whites on the postwar resettlement cohort, chances ratios y is 410,100 moments probably be versus likelihood of intermarriage till the war and you can 67,000 moments likely to be after it. To own pairings regarding Japanese that have Whites, the latest postwar ratio y is 170,100000 minutes probably be than simply intermarriage till the combat and you may dos,900 minutes probably be once it.
